Carboxylic amides as fungicides to eumycotina in phanerogamia plant life

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to the control and/or eradication of Eumycotina type fungi in phanerogamia plants with one or more of the substituted carboxylic amides having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an organic radical of from 2 to 14 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxy, haloalkyl radicals and substituted alkylether radicals having the structure --R 1  --O--R 2  --, where R 1  is alkylene of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R 2  is alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a hydroxy, carboxylate or halocarboxylate group; and wherein R is an acyclic alkyl radical, an alkenyl radical having one or more doubly bonded carbon atoms, a mono- or di- fluorinated benzyl radical or a mono- or di- chlorinated benzyl radical, said R radical containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The invention also relates to a method of using a fungicidal amount of said carboxylic acid amide or carboxylic amide mixtures on phanerogamia plants for control or eradication of Eumycotina infection.

This is a division of copending application Ser. No. 758,585, filed Jan. 12, 1977.

The present carboxylic acid amides provide significantly improved control of Eumycotina type fungus which attacks plant crops and additionally prevent renewed attacks of said fungus on treated plants. In many cases, the present fungicides provide complete eradication of fungus infection and in other cases result in a 20% improvement over fungicides presently in commercial use. The prolonged protection against fungus attack achieved by the present carboxylic amides is attributed to their systemic action is entering the plant tissues.

Since the present fungicides contain no substituents which are known to be toxic to humans or animals and leave no residue in plant tissues which could be expected to lead to such toxicity, the present compounds offer an ecologically acceptable agent for control for fungus infection. A further advantage from the standpoint of ecology is the biodegradable nature of the present fungicides which prevents pollution of streams and drinking water often resulting from spray applications of other fungicides, such as the thio compounds. The systemic action causes the present fungicides to reach all portions of the plant, including the lower leaves, stem, roots, flower head and underleaf where fungi tend to grow most abundantly. Thirdly, the present fungicidal protectants, which are sparingly soluble in water, are not easily removed nor are their effects diluted by rain, watering or other aqueous plant sprays and thus can be used in combination with growth regulating and fertilizing agents. The present fungicides also possess thermal stability over the range of normal growing temperatures, 32°-120° F.

The organic commercial fungicides employed heretofore are, for the most part, sulfur or phosphorous-containing compounds which are specific to certain fungi and which are not biodegradable. For example, sodium 4-(dimethylamino) phenyl diazene sulfonate (Dexon) is useful in controlling water molds, but has little effect on many higher fungi. Dithiocarbamates in the form of ferric, zinc, sodium and manganous salts have enjoyed wide popularity as fungicides; however, close control on application rates is necessary, since these chemicals are known to adversely effect cell metabolism in plants when dosage exceeds certain levels. Accordingly, these metal salts can be phytotoxic so that arrest of the fungi infection can be accompanied by destruction of the plant. In contrast the present fungicidal compounds control a wide range of fungi, including smuts, molds, rusts, cankers and slimes, and are nontoxic to plants, humans and animals. Thus, they are also useful as post harvest fungicides on vegetables and as a general fungus protectant for plants and seeds. Finally, the predominantly aliphatic character of the present fungicidal compounds has the advantage of being fungistatic and more readily utilized by plant tissue.

Other systemic fungicides which have been recently introduced, such as thiazolylbenzimidazole, and butylcarbamoyl-benzimidazole carbamic acid and the oxathiins have limited effectiveness, being used mainly to control smuts (Ustilaginales) and are expensive to produce. In contrast, compounds of the present invention can be easily prepared by processes generally known in the art, e.g., by the reaction between primary aliphatic amines and lactones under mild conditions of temperature and pressure.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an economical fungicide having efficacy for a broad range of fungi of the pathogenic Eumycotina type which are completely nontoxic with respect to plants and animals and which provides protection against fungi infection over a prolonged period so as to extend protection through the entire growing season of a plant.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable fungicide which avoids build-up in the soil and harboring of bacterial growth.

Another object of this invention is to provide a fungicide which is effective at low dosage rates and is nontoxic to plants and animals.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a systemic fungicide with aliphatic character which possesses high solubility in a broad range of conventional and inexpensive commercial solvents and which is economical to produce.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description and disclosure.

According to the present invention, control of Eumycotina fungi in phanerogamia plants is achieved by applying a fungicidal amount of one or more substituted carboxylic amides having the formula: ##STR2## wherein A is an organic radical having from 2 to 14 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxy, haloalkyl radicals and substituted alkylether radicals having the structure -R₁ -O-R₂ -, where R₁ is alkylene of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R₂ is alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a hydroxy, carboxylate or halocarboxylate group; and wherein R is an acyclic alkyl radical, an alkenyl radical having one or more doubly bonded carbon atoms, a mono- or di-fluorinated benzyl radical or a mono- or di-chlorinated benzyl radical, said R radical containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Preferred of the above group of substituted carboxylic amides are those wherein R is a radical consisting of hydrogen and from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and A is hydroxy alkyl containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms. The fungicidal compounds of this group have superior and distinct advantages in that they display at least 10% higher activity than the remaining members of the group. Also, this preferred group of compounds is more economical to produce and is more readily accessible to plant tissue through the stoma or cuticle to provide systemic action. Additionally, only low dosages of this preferred group are required to control fungus infection. Most preferred of this group are those hydroxy butyramides having an alkyl or alkenyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms attached to the amido nitrogen.

The fungicides of the present invention are prepared by contacting a primary amine substituted with an alkyl or an alkenyl radical, having one or more doubly bonded carbon atoms or a halobenzyl radical and containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, and a lactone having 3 to 6 carbon atoms in the heterocyclic lactone ring at a temperature of between about 30° C. to about 200° C., preferably from 50° C. to about 180° C. under a pressure of between about atmospheric and about 50 psig., preferably under atmospheric pressure, for a period of from about 30 minutes to about 5 hours. The mixing of the reactants may be accompanied by agitation and warming of the reactants, if desired. A mole ratio of amine to lactone between about 5:1 and about 1:5 can be employed in the reaction zone, although ratios as close to stoichiometry as convenient are preferred. When stoichiometric amounts of reactants are employed, the reaction is practically quantitative and the products are obtained in a state sufficiently pure for direct use in a fungicidal composition.

The products of this process are recovered as a liquid or a solid, depending on the molecular weight of the compound. Generally, the hydroxy butyramides containing a N-alkyl or a N-alkenyl group of 4 to 8 carbon atoms are liquids; whereas those containing a N-alkyl or a N-alkenyl group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms are solids. These products can be separated from the reaction mixture by extraction in a suitable inert liquid solvent, by precipitation and drying of the precipitate or by any other convenient and conventional means.

Suitable solvents which may be used to extract liquid products include alcohols of from one to five carbon atoms, hydrocarbon oils, pyridine, acetone, methylethyl ketone, ethyl ketone, carbon tetrachloride, kerosene, naphtha, chloroform, mineral oil, a petroleum oil fraction or any other conventionally employed inert solvent in which the product is readily soluble. If desired, the product can be purified before use, e.g. by crystallization from a solvent or by one or more solvent extractions and evaporations. This procedure is particularly directed to the preparation of the preferred group of carboxylic amide fungicides as hereinabove defined.

The fungicides of the above formula were A is haloalkyl can be prepared by further reacting the hydroxy carboxylic acid amide product of the above procedure in a suitable inert solvent such as benzene, xylene, pyridine, etc., with a solution of thionyl halide at elevated temperature up to the reflux temperature of the mixture for a period of from about 0.5 to about 5 hours. The resulting N-alkyl halocarboxylic acid amide can be then filtered from solution and dried. The halocarboxylic amide fungicides of this invention include the fluoro-, chloro- and bromo- analogs.

The fungicides of the above formula where A represents a substituted alkyl ether radical containing a hydroxy radical can be prepared by further reacting the above N-alkyl hydroxycarboxylic acid amide product with a heterocyclic oxyalkane, e.g. oxirane, epoxybutane, epoxypentane, epoxyhexane, etc. This reaction is carried out at a temperature between about 100° C. and about 180° C. under superatmospheric pressure up to about 75 psig., or the autogeneous pressure developed in a closed system where the epoxyalkane is introduced as a compressed gas into the sealed reactor. The reaction is enhanced by the presence of a catalyst such as an alkali metal hydroxide and by agitation. Generally, the reaction is completed within a period of from about 0.5 to about 5 hours after which an N-alkyl hydroxyalkoxy carboxylic amide product is precipitated and dried.

A method for the preparation of fungicides wherein A is an alkyl ether radical and contains a carboxylate group or a halocarboxylate group comprises reacting the above N-alkyl hydroxyalkoxy carboxylic acid amide with a carboxylic anhydride in the presence of an alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid or a halocarboxylic acid halide at a temperature of from about 20° C. to about 180° C. for a period of from 1 to about 20 hours. After completion of reaction, the mixture is conveniently drowned with water and product is recovered by salting out and phase separation. In the present invention, the fungicidal products wherein A is haloalkyl or an ether radical where R₂ is alkyl substituted with a hydroxy or a halocarboxylate group are novel compounds.

The fungicidal compounds of this invention are generally applied to phanerogamia plants at the rate of between about 0.5 pounds and 30 pounds per acre, preferably between 1 pound and about 10 pounds per acre. The fungicides are usually employed as aqueous solutions, suspensions, dispersions or emulsions. In the case of the N-lower alkyl carboxylic amides, the compounds are directly soluble in water so that aqueous solutions may be readily applied. In the case of N-alkyl having 10 or more carbon atoms, the compounds are only sparingly soluble in water; accordingly, aqueous suspensions, dispersions or emulsions of these higher molecular weight compounds comprise the fungicidal compositions. Emulsions, suspensions or dispersions of these higher molecular weight fungicides are prepared by dissolving the compound in a suitable carrier such as for example hydrocarbon oil, kerosene, naphtha, mineral oil, alcohol, or any other suitable solvents mentioned hereinbefore in which the fungicidal compound is soluble. The resulting solution is then mixed with water to provide a suitable emulsion. If desired, an emulsifying agent such as a fatty acid, a calcium, sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid, a nonionic surfactant, a longchain alcohol such as lauryl alcohol or a taurine, such as a steroyl taurine may be added to improve emulsification. The entire mixture is then shaken stirred or agitated in any other convenient manner until the liquid is homogeneous or uniformly emulsified or dispersed. It is to be understood that a nonaqueous solvent solution of the fungicide can also be employed.

The concentration of the fungicidal compound in the aqueous solution, suspension, dispersion, emulsion or nonaqueous solution varies between about 25 ppm and about 2,500 ppm, preferably between about 30 ppm and about 800 ppm based on total liquid composition.

Alternatively, the fungicidal compounds of the present invention may be applied as solids to the plant species, in which case the fungicide is mixed with or deposited on talc, mica, fuller's earth, diatomacious earth, bentonite, natural clays, pyrolite, powders of walnut shell, wheat, redwood, soya bean, cotton seed flower, etc., and any other solid conditioning agent or carrier of the kind conventionally employed in preparing fungicides in granular dust or powdered form. The concentration of the fungicide in the solid carrier is the same as stated above for the solution, suspension, dispersion or emulsion.

It is to be understood that mixtures of the above-named fungicides can comprise the fungicidal compositions and that other agents such as growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizer materials and insecticides can also be included in the final fungicidal compositions of the present invention, as well as other fungicides.

The phanerogamia plants to which the fungicidal composition is applied include the gymnosperms and angiosperms; species of which are exemplified by legumes such as peas, beans, tomatoes, lettuce, carrots, beets, potatoes, cucumber, etc.; graminae such as wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, corn, tobacco, etc.; ornamentals such as roses, asters, tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, gladioli, zinnias, sweet peas, phlox, and tubers such as tuberous begonias, iris, etc., and trees, such as cedar, pines, spruces, juniper, walnut, hickery, redwood, oak, apple, cherry, peach, pear, plum, lemon, orange, etc.

Examples of the Eumycotina fungi inhibited by the present fungicidal compositions include Ascomycetes, Basidomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Phycomycetes. Illustrating the species of Ascomycetes are: Taphrina, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Ceratocystis, Meliola, Sphaerotheca, Erysiphe, Uncinula, Claviceps, Neurospora, Phyllachora, Hypoxylon, Gnomonia, Endothia, Glomerella, Nectria, Gibberella, Sclerotina, Elsinoe, Pleospora, Cochliobolus, Ophiobolus, Mycosphaerella, and Venturia. Species of Basidomycetes include: Ustilago, Sphacoletheca, Tilletia, Urocystis, Puccina, Gymnosporangium, Uromyces, Thanatephorus, Stereum, Polyporus, Fomes, Lycoperdales, Phallales, and Nidulariales. Species of Deuteromycetes include: Graphium, Septoria, Diplodia, Colletotrichum, Verticillium, Botrytis cinerea, Helminthosporium, Alternaria, and Sclerotium. Species of Phycomycetes include: Synchytrium endobioticum, Urophlyctis alfalfae, Olpidium brassicae, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Aphanomyces euteiches, Albuzo candida, Pythium, Phytophthora, Sclerospora, Plasmopara, Bremia, Peronospora, Plasmodiophora, brassicae, Spongospora subterranea, Rhizopus stolonifer and Mucor spp.

In order that the invention may be better understood, reference is had to the following examples which are provided to illustrate the preferred embodiments for treatment of infected plant species. It is to be understood that any Eumycotina infected phanerogamia plant can be substituted in any of the following examples for control of infection and that any of the above-named fungicidal species can be substituted in any of the examples which employ a related species to provide similar arrest and control of fungi infection. Also, it is to be understood that any of the fungi falling within the above classes can be substituted for those named in the following examples and that these substituted fungi infections will be similarly arrested. Accordingly, such substitutions are included within the scope of this invention.

All proportions, parts and amounts in the following examples are by weight unless otherwise specified.

PREPARATION OF FUNGICIDES

Generally, the preparation of the present N-alkyl hydroxycarboxylic acid amide fungicides includes contacting amine and lactone, corresponding to the product moieties, in about stoichiometric amounts at a temperature preferably between about 80° C. and about 150° C. whereupon an exothermic reaction ensues. To minimize the formation of by-product, it has been found desirable to maintain the temperature at not more than about 160° C. Accordingly, the reaction mixture may be cooled so as to avoid exceeding such temperature levels.

In the following examples on the preparation of fungicides, the yield, physical character and solubility in alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol and in ketone such as acetone were determined, after which the products were subjected to further analysis such as infrared (IR) or nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR). Particular attention was given to the present monosubstituted amide configuration as characterized by the primary band of their respective carbonyl groups. This characteristic band is reported in the examples as the IR value in microns (mu). The carbonyl band for the monosubstituted amide in IR analysis is in the range of 6.0 to 6.17 microns.

EXAMPLE A PREPARATION OF N-BUTYL 4-HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE

Into a glass reaction vessel were introduced 73 grams of butylamine and 86 grams of γ-butyrolactone which reactants upon mixing, warmed to about 50° C. This liquid mixture was then heated to 100° C. on a steam bath and reaction was completed in 1.5 hours. The product, which was obtained in quantitative amount, i.e. greater than 95% conversion of butyrolactone, was then air-cooled to room temperature and the clear liquid product recovered. The product which is soluble in alcohols, dissolved in all proportions in methanol. Infrared analysis showed the characteristic band at 6.12 mu.

EXAMPLE B PREPARATION OF 4-HYDROXY-N-OCTYLBUTYRAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel, 129.25 grams of octylamine were mixed with 86.1 grams of butyrolactone, whereupon a rise in temperature was noted. The mixture was then heated to 100° C. on a steam bath until the reaction was completed in a period of 2 hours. A conversion of butyrolactone greater than 95% was obtained. The product, upon air cooling to room temperature formed a hard, white waxy solid. IR=6.10 mu. The product which is soluble in alcohols, was soluble in methanol in all proportions.

EXAMPLE C PREPARATION OF N-DECYL-4-HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel, 157.3 grams of decylamine was mixed with 86.1 grams butyrolactone, whereupon the temperature rose to about 150° C. Reaction was spontaneous, and greater than 95% conversion of the butyrolactone to product was achieved. Titration of the product indicated that only 0.4 weight percent free amine remained unreacted. The liquid product was cooled by pouring on a glass surface at room temperature, whereupon the product froze to a hard white, waxy solid. Titration of the remaining reaction mixture indicated that only 0.4 weight percent free amine remained after removal of product. IR=6.11 mu.

EXAMPLE D PREPARATION OF N-DODECYL-4-HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel, 185.4 grams of dodecylamine were mixed with 86.1 grams butyrolactone, whereupon a slight increase in temperature was noted. The mixture was then heated to 100° C. on a steam bath until reaction was completed in a period of 3 hours. The resulting liquid product was then poured onto a glass plate at room temperature, whereupon the product froze to a hard, white, waxy solid. Greater than 95% conversion of the butyrolactone was obtained. IR=6.10 mu.

EXAMPLE E PREPARATION OF 4-HYDROXY-N-OCTADECYLBUTYRAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel, 13.5 grams of octadecylamine were admixed with 4.3 grams of butyrolactone. The mixture was then heated to 150° C. by means of an oil bath until the reaction was complete in a period of 2 hours. A conversion of greater than 95% based on butyrolactone was achieved. Upon cooling to room temperature, the product formed a white to pale yellow, hard, waxy solid. Substantially all of the butyrolactone was reacted indicating greater than 95% conversion.

Other N-alkyl-substituted hydroxyalkylamides, such as the nonyl-, tridecyl-, tetradecyl-, pentadecyl-, hexadecyl-, heptadecyl-, nonadecyl-, ecosyl-, 4-ethylhexyl-, 4-ethyldecyl-, 4,6-dimethyldodecyl-, and 8-ethyloctadecyl- N-substituted hydroxybutyramides, -propionamides, -valeramides, -caproamides, -lauramides, -palmitamides, -stearamides, and -oleamides can be prepared according to the method of the above examples by substituting the corresponding amine and lactone or amide reactants.

EXAMPLE F PREPARATION OF 4-HYDROXY-N-(9-OCTADECENYL)BUTYRAMIDE

Oleylamine derived from fat was titrated and found to have an equivalent weight of 266.9 grams (theory=267.5 grams.). In a glass reaction vessel, 266.9 grams of the oleylamine were admixed with 86.1 grams of butyrolactone and the mixture heated to 100° C. on a steam bath until reaction was completed in a period of 2 hours. Greater than 95% conversion of the butyrolactone was achieved. The product upon cooling to room temperature produced a slightly off-white, hard, waxy solid which was found to be readily soluble in alcohols. IR=6.14 mu.

Other N-alkenyl and N-alkadienyl substituted hydroxyalkylamides, such as the 10-dodecenyl, 8-decenyl-, 4-hexadecenyl-, 4,8-dodecadienyl-, and 2-ethyl-6-octadecenyl- N-substituted hydroxybutyramides, -propionamides, -valeramides, -caproamides, -lauramides, -palmitamides, -stearamides, and -oleamides can be prepared by substituting the corresponding alkenylamine and corresponding lactone or amide reactant in this example.

EXAMPLE G PREPARATION OF N-(2-ETHYLHEXYL)-4-HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel 12.9 grams of 2-ethylhexylamine were admixed with 8.6 grams of butyrolactone and the mixture heated to 100° C. on a steam bath until reaction was completed in a period of one hour. A conversion of greater than 95%, based on butyrolactone, was achieved. The product upon cooling to room temperature was a colorless, clear, moderately viscous liquid. IR=6.09 mu.

EXAMPLE H PREPARATION OF 4-CHLORO-N-DODECYLBUTYRAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel, 20 grams (0.0738 mole) of N-dodecyl-4-hydroxy butyramide was dissolved in 193 grams of benzene and 6.3 grams of added pyridine.

To this mixture 10.4 grams (0.087 mole) of thionyl chloride in 27 grams of benzene was added slowly. The resulting mixture was then refluxed for 3 hours during which time hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide gasses were evolved. Upon cessation of gas evolution, which marked completion of reaction, the reaction mixture was filtered and 20.4 grams of precipitated product was recovered and dried. The dried cake was analyzed for chlorine and found to contain 12.3% Cl (calculated Cl=12.2% for C₁₆ H₃₂ ClNO). The solid product had a melting point of 53°-55° C. and was further subjected to spectral analysis. IR=6.13 mu.

The bromo- or fluoro-analog of the above product can be prepared by substituting thionyl bromide or thionyl fluoride in the above example.

EXAMPLE I PREPARATION OF N-DECYL-4-(2-HYDROXYETHOXY) BUTYRAMIDE

In a steel autoclave, 243 grams (1 mole) of N-decyl-4-hydroxybutyramide at a temperature of 130° C. was admixed with 44 grams (1 mole) of oxirane which was added to the autoclave as a compressed gas. The reaction mixture was stirred and autogenous pressure caused a drop in pressure during the reaction. After the reaction was complete in a period of about 2 hours, 281 grams of product were obtained. The product was then cooled to room temperature whereupon a light solid having a melting point of 48° C. was obtained. IR=6.11 mu.

EXAMPLE J PREPARATION OF 2-[3-(DECYLCARBAMOYL)PROPYLOXY]ETHYLACETATE

In a glass reaction vessel 17.7 grams (0.0616 mole) of N-decyl-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)butyramide was admixed with 25.3 grams (0.25 mole) of acetic anhydride in the presence of 4 grams sodium acetate catalyst. This mixture was heated to 100° C. on a steam bath until a reaction was completed within a period of 3 hours. The mixture was then drowned in water, salted out and phase separated. The upper liquid phase was dried to 17.8 grams of liquid product having a refractive index η d²⁵ =1.4586 and an IR of 6.09 mu.

EXAMPLE K PREPARATION OF 2-[3-(DODECYLCARBAMOYL)PROPYLOXY]ETHYLCHLOROACETATE

In a glass reaction vessel 10 grams (0.0318 mole) of N-dodecyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)butyramide, dissolved in 37.7 grams of benzene, was admixed with 3.6 (0.03180) of chloroacetyl chloride which had been added drop-wise to the benzene solution. The mixture was allowed to stand over night (for about 12 hours) and the reaction was completed. The contents of the reactor was then drowned in warm water, salted out and phase separated. The upper phase was then dried and yielded 9.0 grams of product which was a hard, waxy, off-white solid having a melting point of 58° C. and a chlorine analysis of 9.43% Cl (theoretical=9.5% Cl for C₂₀ H₃₈ ClNO₄). Product IR=6.13 mu.

Other N-alkyl carbamoyl alkoxy alkylhaloacetates or propanates or butyrates can be prepared by the method of this example by substituting the appropriate N-alkyl-4-(2-hydroxyalkyl) amide and halocarboxylic halide in the above example. For instance, N-decyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl) butyramide and fluoroacetyl fluoride; N-dodecyl-4-(2-hydroxybutyl) pentamide and chlorobutyryl chloride; or N-tetradecyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)butyramide and bromopropionyl bromide, etc., can be substituted in Example K.

EXAMPLE L PREPARATION OF N-DODECYL-2(2-HYDROXYETHOXY) ACETAMIDE

In a glass reaction vessel 10.2 grams (0.1 mole) of 2-p-dioxanone was admixed with 18.5 grams (0.1 mole) of dodecyl amine and heated to 100° C. on a steam bath until reaction was completed within the period of 1 hour. The resulting liquid product was then poured on a glass plate and cooled to room temperature whereupon a pale yellow solid was formed. IR=6.06 mu.

Other N-alkyl hydroxyalkoxy acetamides, propionamides, or butyramides can be prepared, by substituting the corresponding amine and/or lactone in the above example.

    __________________________________________________________________________     ADDITIONAL FUNGICIDES PREPARED                                                  ##STR3##                                                                                          PREPARATION*                                                                   REACTION                                                                              REACTION                                            COMPOUND            TIME   (°C.)                                        NO.     R GROUP     (hrs.) TEMPERATURE                                                                              CHARACTERISTICS                           __________________________________________________________________________     M       CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.13                                                                 1      150       white waxy solid                                                               IR=6.06 mu                                N       CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.15                                                                 1      150       white waxy solid                          O       CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.6                                                                  0.5    100       white waxy solid                                                               IR=6.12 mu                                P       CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.8                                                                  1      100       white solid, soluble                                                           in methanol                                        ##STR4##   2      150       m.p. 73-77° C. IR=6.15 mu.         R       (CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2)CH                                                             2      150       tacky solid                                                                    IR=6.11 mu.                               S                                                                                       ##STR5##   0.5    100       white solid, soluble in methanol          T                                                                                       ##STR6##   1      100       white solid, soluble in ethanol           U                                                                                       ##STR7##   1      100       white solid, soluble in C.sub.1-3                                              alcohols                                  __________________________________________________________________________      *Prepared by the general procedure set forth in Example A using                γ-butyrolactone as the amide reactant and the amine of the R group       shown in the table as the coreactant.                                    

Additional chlorobutyramide fungicides of the formula ##STR8## were prepared according to the general reaction ##STR9## The reactants, in stiochiometric amounts, were contacted in benzene solution in the presence of triethylamine as an acid acceptor. The reaction mixtures were stirred at 10° C. for 2 days after which the solid triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered off and the product was recovered by flask evaporation. The following fungicides were prepared in this manner:

    ______________________________________                                         COMPOUND              IR IN                                                    NO.       R' GROUP    mu      CHARACTERISTICS                                  ______________________________________                                         V         CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.13 --                                                              6.10    light solid; sol. in                                                           methanol                                         W         CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.15 --                                                              6.12    light solid; sol. in                                                           acetone                                          X         CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.9 --                                                               6.13    light solid; sol. in                                                           acetone & alcohol                                Y         CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.7 --                                                               6.08    light solid; sol. in                                                           alcohol, Cl                                                                    calculated = 14.7%;                                                            found = 14.9%                                    ______________________________________                                    

Additional hydroxyethoxybutyramide fungicides of the formula ##STR10## were prepared according to the general reaction ##STR11## The hydroxy compound was melted and heated to 150° C. in the presence of 0.2% NaOH catalyst in an autoclave. Ethylene oxide was added incrementally to maintain a stiochiometeric ratio with the unreacted hydroxy compound. The product was separated, recovered and subjected to infrared analysis.

    ______________________________________                                         COMPOUND                                                                       NO.           R" GROUP       IR IN mu                                          ______________________________________                                         AA            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.6 --                                                                  6.10                                              BB            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.11 --                                                                 6.12                                              CC            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.13 --                                                                 6.13                                              DD            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.15 --                                                                 6.12                                              ______________________________________                                    

Additional carbamoylpropyloxyethyl acetate fungicides were prepared according to the general reaction, ##STR12## The reaction was carried out in a glass reactor with excess anhydride and in the presence of sodium acetate as a promotor, the mixture was heated on a steam bath for 4 hours with occasional stirring; after which the product mixture was drowned in ice water and product was precipitated. The product precipitate was washed with water, dried and subjected to IR analysis. The following compounds were prepared in this manner:

    ______________________________________                                         COMPOUND NO.  R'" GROUP      IR IN mu                                          ______________________________________                                         EE            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.11 --                                                                 6.13                                              FF            Ch.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.15 --                                                                 6.13                                              GG            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.13 --                                                                 6.12                                              ______________________________________                                    

Additional carbamoylpropyloxyethyl chloroacetate fungicides were prepared according to the general reaction: ##STR13## and the general procedure given in Example K. The following compounds were prepared in this manner:

    ______________________________________                                         COMPOUND NO.  R*GROUP        IR IN mu                                          ______________________________________                                         HH            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.9 --                                                                  6.10                                              II            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.6 --                                                                  6.09                                              JJ            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.13 --                                                                 6.14                                              KK            CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.15 --                                                                 6.13                                              ______________________________________                                    

Additional hydroxyethoxy acetamide fungicides were prepared according to the following general formula ##STR14## Stiochiometric amounts of the amine reactant and frozen dioxanone were melted and introduced into a glass reactor. The mixture was stirred and maintained at 100° C. for a period of 2 hours after which heating was discontinued. The product when cool froze from the melt to a hard white solid, soluble in acetone. Products prepared by this method are the following:

    ______________________________________                                         COMPOUND                                                                       NO.       R** GROUP           IR IN mu                                         ______________________________________                                         LL        CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.7                                                                          6.07                                             MM        CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2 ).sub.13                                                                        6.06                                             NN        CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.7 CHCH(CH.sub.2).sub.8                                                     6.09                                             OO                                                                                        ##STR15##          6.06                                             ______________________________________                                    

APPLICATION OF THE PRESENT FUNGICIDES TO PHANEROGAMIA PLANTS FOR CONTROL OF EUMYCOTINA FUNGI

The above fungicides were applied to the plants for the control of fungi infections and the results indicated in the following Table II.

In Table II the fungicide tested is referred to by letter corresponding to the above examples. The plants, fungi and any commercial fungicide used as a control is referred to by number identifying those species in the following listings in Table I.

                                      TABLE I                                      __________________________________________________________________________                PATHOGEN                                                            PLANT      CLASS     SPECIES      COMMON NAME                                                                             COMMERCIAL FUNGICIDE                __________________________________________________________________________     1. Tomato (Hycoper-                                                                       Deuteromycete                                                                            1. Alternaria                                                                               early blight                                                                            1. Daconil [tetrachloroisophtha                                                lonitrile]                           sicon esculentum)                                                                        Phycomycete                                                                              2. Phytophthora infes-                                                                      late blight                                                                             2. Benomyl [methyl-1-(butylcarb                                                amoyl)-2-                                                 tans                  benzimidazole carbamate]           2. String bean                                                                  (Phaseolus)                                                                              Ascomycete                                                                               3. Erysiphe polygoni                                                                        powdery mildew                                          Basidiomycete                                                                            4. Uromyces phaseoli                                                                        bean rust                                                                               3. Dexon [p-dimethylaminobenzen                                                ediazo                              3. Pinto bean                               sodium sulfate]                     (Phaseolus)                                                                              Basidiomycete                                                                            5. Uredinale smut & rust                                  4. Rice (oryza sativa)                                                                    Deuteromycete                                                                            6. Helminthosporium                                                                         Brown rice spot                                                                         4. Karathane                                                                   [2,4-dinitro-6-octylphenyl-                               oryzae                crotonate]                         5. Cotton seet (Gos-                                                                      Phycomycete                                                                              7. Pythium ultimum                                                                          damping off                                   sypium hirsutum)                                                                         Deuteromycete                                                                            8. Rhizoctonia solani                                                                       black shank                                                                             5. Maneb [Manganese ethyl bis                                                  (dithio-                            6. Garden Pea seed                          carbamate)]                         (Pisum sativum)                                                                          Basidiomycete                                                                            9.  Fusarium lycopersici                                                                    wilt                                                                                    6. Plantvax [2,3-dihydro-5-carb                                                oanilido-                                      Phycomycete                                                                              10. Thielaviopsis basicola                                                                  brown root rot                                                                           6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-4,4-         7. TobaCCo (Nicot-                of tobacco                                                                               dioxide]                            iana tobacum)                                                                            Deuteromycete                                                                            11. Sclerotium rolfsii                                                                      southern wilt                                8. Potato (Solanum                                                                        Ascoymcete                                                                               12. Anthracnose                                                                             ulcerous lesin                                                                          7. Terraclor                                                                   [pentachloro-nitrobenzene]           tuberosum)                                                                               Basidiomycete                                                                            13. Paccinia graminis                                                                       black stem rust                              9. Black Mustard                  of cereal                                                                               8. Terrazole                                                                   [5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-         (Brassica nigra)                                                                         Basidiomycete                                                                            14. Puccinia rubigo-vera                                                                    leaf rust of                                                                             1,2,4-thiadiazole]                                                   cereal                                       10. Cucumber                                                                              Basidiomycete                                                                            15. Puccinia sorghi                                                                         corn rust                                                                               9. Vitavax (5,6-dihydro-2-methy                                                l-1,4-                               (Cucmis sativus)                           oxathin-3-carboxanilide]                      Deuteromycete                                                                            16. Sclerotinia                                                                             leaf drop                                                          selerotiorium                                            11. Wheat (triticum                                                                       Deuteromycete                                                                            17. Phymatotrichum                                                                          root rot of                                                                             10. Arasan [tetramethyl-thiuram                                                 disulfide]                          graminis)            omnivorum   cotton                                                  Phycomycete                                                                              18. Phytophthora cactorum                                                                   canker rot                                   12. Corn (zea mays)                                                                       Deuteromycete                                                                            19. Phyllachroa cochlio-                                                                    rot of grasses                               13. Rose (Rosa)       bolus                                                                         20. Escherichia Pseudo-                                                                     Lobace mosaic                                14. Peach tree        monas tobaci                                              (amygdalus                                                                     persica)            21. Scabies  cucumber scab                                __________________________________________________________________________

A stock solution for applying and testing the above fungicides was prepared as a standard formulation by forming a solution of 1000 ppm. Triton X-155 (surfactant)¹. in acetone. The solution is then diluted with water in a ratio of 1:9 to obtain an aqueous solution of 10% acetone and 100 ppm surfactant. Subsequently, the solution was further diluted with varying amounts of water upon the addition of fungicide so as to maintain a constant ratio of surfactant at all dosage levels.

Tests have shown that the present fungicides are equally soluble in polar and nonpolar solvents, such as for example, ethanol, methanol, metal ethyl ketone, ethyl ketone, dimethyl formamide, xylene, toluene, benzene, etc. Therefore, it is to be understood that any of these solvents may be substituted for acetone in the above stock solution, if desired.

When it is desirable to apply the fungicide in heavier dosages it may be ground and mixed to a wet slurry in a mixture of Pyrax ABB². and Microcel³. (9:1) in a tissue homogenizer or it may be impregnated on Pyrax ABB-Microcel and ball milled, wet or dry, or the fungicide admixture can be processed through a hand colloid mill. Alternatively, the fungicide may be mixed with talc, bentonite, or any of the conventional particulate dispersing agents and applied as a powder to the infected plant species.

The fungicidal preparation can be applied in pre-emergence (PreE) or post-emergence (PostE) stages depending upon the nature of the pathogen and the preference or needs of the user, and may be contacted with the plant several days prior to induced infection or after infection.

In commercial application it is also to be understood that the present fungicides can be used in combination with conventional fungicides, such as for example, Lenomyl, Daconil, Dexon, Karathane, Maneb, Plantvax, Terraclor, Terrazole, Vitavax, etc. In many cases the present fungicides exert a synergistic effect on commercial fungicides when combined therewith for the control and elimination of the pathogen.

In each of the following examples reported in Table II, two flats seeded with a species of the respective mono- or di-cotyledonous plants was employed and the fungicide was applied as a liquid spray to saturation and run-off on the plant in the third or fourth foliate stage, except in those cases where the infection is pythium ultimum or rhizoctonia solani (fungi Nos. 7 and 8 respectively in Table I). In these cases the present fungicide and the control were separately sprayed on the soil where infection had been induced after planting.

All soil and growing media were sterlized prior to planting so that the effect of the fungicide on each of the individual pathogens could be determined without interfering effects from multiple infections. The efficacy of each fungicide was rated on a scale of from 0 to 10, which number, multiplied by 10 corresponds to the % control of the pathogen in that particular plant.

It is to be understood that, in general, fungicides possess degrees of efficacy which vary with respect to the particular plant and pathogen being tested. In the following table, the commercial fungicide believed to provide the best results for the particular plant and fungus was selected as the control and these results formed the basis of comparison for the present carboxylic amides under substantially the same test conditions, at the same rate of application and after the same number of days following infection. Although many of the following experiments show a higher response for the controls, it should be borne in mind that the control is specific to the test pathogen and may have little or no control of other fungus species. Thus, Dexon, which is particularly effective against mould, i.e. damping-off (No. 7 in Table I), has substantially no activity toward higher fungi infections such as for example, blight (No. 1) or the rusts (Nos. 4 and 15). The superiority of the present compounds is realized in their broad spectrum of fungicidal control, even though their degree of efficacy in certain instances may be less than that found for the specialized control fungicide.

                                      TABLE II                                     __________________________________________________________________________                          APPLICATION                                                                               EFFICACY                                                            OF TEST AMIDE                                                                             OF TEST AMIDE                                  EX.                                                                               AMIDE      FUNGUS CONC.                                                                               RATE        DAYS AFTER                                                                             CON- CONC.                                                                               EFFICACY               NO.                                                                               TESTED                                                                               PLANT                                                                               INFECTION                                                                             ppm  lb./acre                                                                             RATING                                                                               INFECTION                                                                              TROL ppm  RATING                 __________________________________________________________________________     1  A     4    6           25    3     7       1    250  6.5                    2  A     1    1      "    "     4     7       1    "    10                     3  B     2    3      "    "     5     7       2    "    10                     4  B     4    6      "    "     6     7       5    "    6.5                    5  B     1    1      "    "     4     7       1    "    10                     6  C     2    3      "    "     5     7       2    "    10                     7  C     4    6      "    "     9.5   7       5    "    6.5                    8  C     1    1      "    "     9     7       1    "    10                     9  C     2    4      "    "     8     7       2    "    10                     10 C     2    4      125  "     4     14      6    125  10                     11 C     2    4      62   "     4     14      6    62   9                      12 C     2    4      31   "     2.5   14      6    31   7.5                    13 C     4    6      125  "     7.5   14      5    125  9                      14 C     4    6      62   "     7     14      5    62   7.5                    15 C     4    6      31   "     3.5   14      5    31   3                      16 C     4    6      260  12.5  4     7       5    260  3                      17 C     4    6      260  6.3   3     7       5    260  3                      18 C     4    6      260  3.2   4     7       5    260  4                      19 C     1    1      125  25    7.5   14      5    125  10                     20 C     1    1      62   25    5     14      5    62   10                     21 C     1    1      31   25    2.5   14      5    31   9                      22 D     2    3      260  25    4     14      2    250  10                     23 D     4    6      260  25    7     14      1    250  6.5                    24 D     1    1      260  25    8     14      1    250  10                     25 D     4    6      260  25    10    14      6    250  10                     26 D     2    4      125  25    9.5   7       6    125  10                     27 D     2    4      62   25    9     7       6    62   9                      28 D     2    4      31   25    8     7       6    31   7.5                    29 D     4    6      125  25    6.5   7       5    125  9                      30 D     4    6      62   25    4     7       5    62   7                      31 D     4    6      31   25    3     7       5    31   5                      32 D     4    6      260  12.5  5     7       --   --   --                     33 D     4    6      260  6.3   4     7       --   --   --                     34 D     4    6      260  3.2   4     7       --   --   --                     35 D     1    1      125  25    9     7       5    125  10                     36 D     1    1      62   25    8     7       5    62   10                     37 D     1    1      31   25    5     7       5    31   9                      38 D     12   15     260  25    9.9   7       6    260  10                     39 D     12   15     130  25    7.8   7       6    130  9.7                    40 D     12   15     65   25    5.5   7       6    65   8.8                    41 D     12   15     125  25    9.4   7       6    125  9.8                    42 D     12   15     62   25    8.5   7       6    62   9.3                    43 D     12   15     31   25    8.1   7       6    31   8.7                    44 D     1    2      300  25    9.8   7       1    300  10                     45 D     1    2      100  25    9.5   7       1    100  9.9                    46 D     1    2      33   25    8.3   7       1    33   9.9                    47 D     1    2      17   25    4.4   7       1    17   9.9                    48 D     12   15     62   25    8.8   7       6    62   9.7                    49 D     12   15     31   25    7.1   7       6    31   8.3                    50 D     12   15     15   25    5.0   7       6    15   6.5                    51 D     1    2      125  25    8.6   7       5    125  10                     52 D     1    2      62   25    3.5   7       5    62   10                     53 D     1    2      31   25    3.1   7       5    31   9.6                    54 E     4    6      250  11    2     14      1    250  10                     55 E     1    1      250  11    7     14      1    250  10                     56 E     4    6      125  25    3     7       1    125  7                      57 E     4    6      62   25    2     7       1    62   5                      58 E     4    6      31   25    2     7       1    31   4                      59 E     1    1      125  25    5     7       1    125  9.1                    60 E     1    1      62   25    5     7       1    62   9.1                    61 E     1    1      31   25    4     7       1    31   9                      62 E     1    1      125  25    2     7       5    125  8.5                    63 F     2    2      260  25    3.5   14      1    250  10                     64 F     4    6      260  25    9.5   14      1    250  10                     65 F     1    1      260  25    6     14      1    250  7.5                    66 F     2    4      125  25    9     7       6    125  10                     67 F     2    4      62   25    8.5   7       6    62   10                     68 F     2    4      31   25    7.5   7       6    31   9.1                    69 F     2    4      260  6.3   3     7       6    250  10                     70 G     4    6      260  25    4     7       1    250  6.5                    71 G     1    1      260  25    5     7       5    250  10                     72 H     2    3      260  25    10    14      2    250  10                     73 H     2    4      260  25    9     14      6    250  9.1                    74 H     4    6      260  25    7.5   7       1    250  7.5                    75 H     2    4      260  12.5  5     7       6    250  10                     76 H     2    4      260  6.3   5     7       6    250  10                     77 H     2    4      260  3.2   6.5   7       6    260  10                     78 H     2    4      125  25    9     7       6    125  10                     79 H     2    4      62   25    7     7       6    62   10                     80 H     2    4      31   25    7.5   7       6    31   9.1                    81 H     4    6      260  12.5  3     7       --   --   --                     82 H     4    6      260  6.3   3     7       --   --   --                     83 H     4    6      260  3.2   3     7       --   --   --                     84 H     4    6      125  25    4.5   7       1    125  9.1                    85 H     4    6      62   25    3     7       1    62   8.5                    86 H     4    6      31   25    3     7       1    31   4.5                    87 A     6    7      260  50    3.5   7       3    260  6.5*                   88 E     5    8      260  50    1.5   7       9    260  7.5*                   89 G     6    7      260  50    8     7       3    260  6.5*                   90 I     2    3      260  25    6     14      2    250  9.1                    91 I     4    6      260  25    10    14      1    250  9                      92 I     5    8      260  50    3     7       9    250  9*                     93 I     4    6      260  12.5  4     7       --   --   --                     94 I     4    6      260  6.3   5     7       --   --   --                     95 I     4    6      260  3.2   4.5   7       --   --   --                     96 I     4    6      125  25    6     7       2    125  8                      97 I     4    6      62   25    3.5   7       6    62   7                      98 I     4    6      31   25    4     7       1    31   6.5                    99 J     4    6      125  25    8     7       1    125  10                     100                                                                               J     4    6      62   25    6     7       1    62   9.1                    101                                                                               J     4    6      31   25    3.5   7       1    31   8                      102                                                                               J     4    6      260  25    3.5   7       --   --   --                     103                                                                               J     4    6      260  12.5  3.5   7       --   --   --                     104                                                                               J     4    6      260  6.3   3.5   7       --   --   --                     105                                                                               K     2    6      260  3.2   5     14      2    250  10                     106                                                                               K     2    4      260  25    8     14      6    250  8.5                    107                                                                               K     4    6      260  25    6     14      1    250  9                      108                                                                               L     2    3      260  25    8.5   14      2    250  10                     109                                                                               L     2    4      260  25    9.1   14      6    250  9                      110                                                                               L     4    6      260  25    9.1   14      1    250  9.1                    111                                                                               L     6    7      260  50    9.1   7       3    250  10                     112                                                                               L     5    8      250  50    7     7       9    250  8.5*                   113                                                                               L     2    3      125  25    7.5/7 5/14    4    125  10/7;10/14             114                                                                               L     2    3      62   25    3.5/7 1.5/14  4    62   10/7;9.1/14            115                                                                               L     2    3      31   25    2.5   7       4    31   10                     116                                                                               L     2    4      125  25    4     7       9    125  10                     117                                                                               L     2    4      62   25    4     7       9    62   9                      118                                                                               L     2    4      31   25    5.5   7       9    31   9                      119                                                                               L     2    4      250  12.5  5.5   7       --   --   --                     120                                                                               L     2    4      250  6.3   3     7       9    250  10                     121                                                                               L     2    4      250  3.2   4.5   7       9    250  7.5                    122                                                                               L     2    4      250  1.6         7       9    250  6                      123                                                                               L     4    6      125  25    4     7       1    125  9.1                    124                                                                               L     4    6      62   25    2     7       1    62   9.1                    125                                                                               L     4    6      31   25    3.5   7       1    31   8                      126                                                                               L     4    6      250  12.5  4     7       --   --   --                     127                                                                               L     4    6      250  6.3   3     7       --   --   --                     128                                                                               L     4    6      250  3.2   3     7       --   --   --                     129                                                                               M     2    6      250  11    9     14      6    250  10                     130                                                                               M     4    1      250  11    3     14      1    250  10                     131                                                                               M     2    6      250  11    2     7       6    250  10                     132                                                                               M     2    6      250  11    2     7       6    250  10                     133                                                                               M     2    6      250  5.5   3.5   7       6    250  10                     134                                                                               M     2    6      250  2.7   2.5   7       6    250  10                     135                                                                               M     2    6      125  25.   9.1   7       6    125  10                     136                                                                               M     2    6      62   25    9.1   7       6    62   9.5                    137                                                                               M     2    6      31   25    9.1   7       6    31   8.5                    138                                                                               M     2    6      15   25    7     7       6    15   7.5                    139                                                                               M     2    6      260  25    4     7       6    260  9.1                    140                                                                               N     2    6      250  11    9     14      6    250  10                     141                                                                               N     4    1      250  11    4     14      1    250  10                     142                                                                               N     2    6      62   25    9     7       6    62   9                      143                                                                               N     2    6      31   25    7     7       6    31   8                      144                                                                               N     2    6      15   25    5.5   7       6    15   7                      145                                                                               N     1    1      125  25    2     7       5    125  8.5                    146                                                                               N     1    1      62   25    2.5   --      5    62   5                      147                                                                               N     12   15     260  25    7     14      6    260  10                     148                                                                               N     12   15     130  25    7.2   14      6    130  9.7                    149                                                                               N     12   15     65   25    5     14      6    65   8.8                    150                                                                               N     2    4      260  25    3     14      6    260  9.1                    151                                                                               N     12   15     260  25    8.2   7       6    260  10                     152                                                                               N     12   15     62   25    6     7       6    62   5                      153                                                                               N     12   15     15   25    5     7       6    15   4.5                    154                                                                               N     2    6      125  25    7     7       6    125  10                     155                                                                               N     2    6      62   25    8     7       6    62   9                      156                                                                               N     2    6      31   25    7     7       6    31   8.5                    157                                                                               N     2    6      250  11    3     7       6    250  10                     158                                                                               N     2    6      250  5.5   2     7       6    250  10                     159                                                                               N     2    6      250  2.7   2.5   7       6    250  10                     160                                                                               O     4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  9                      161                                                                               O     1    1      260  25    5     14      1    250  9.1                    162                                                                               P     4    6      260  25    5     14      1    250  9                      163                                                                               P     1    1      260  25    3     14      1    250  9.1                    164                                                                               Q     4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  9                      165                                                                               Q     1    1      260  25    7     14      1    250  9.1                    166                                                                               Q     1    1      62   25    4.5   7       5    62   7.5                    167                                                                               Q     1    1      31   25    2.5   7       5    31   4                      168                                                                               R     2    4      260  25    3     14      6    250  10                     169                                                                               R     4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  9.1                    170                                                                               S     2    4      260  25    5.5   14      6    250  10                     171                                                                               S     4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  8.5                    172                                                                               T     2    4      260  25    8     14      6    250  10                     173                                                                               T     4    6      260  25    3     14      1    250  8.5                    174                                                                               U     4    6      260  25    3     14      1    250  9                      175                                                                               V     2    3      260  25    6.5   14      2    250  10                     176                                                                               V     2    4      260  25    3     14      6    250  9.1                    177                                                                               V     4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  7.5                    178                                                                               W     2    3      260  25    2     7       2    250  10                     179                                                                               W     2    4      260  25    3     7       6    250  9.1                    180                                                                               W     4    6      260  25    4     7       1    250  7.5                    181                                                                               X     4    6      260  25    9.1   7       1    250  7.5                    182                                                                               X     4    6      125  25    3     7       1    125  9.1                    183                                                                               X     4    6      62   25    3     7       1    62   8.5                    184                                                                               X     4    6      31   25    3     7       1    31   4.5                    185                                                                               X     4    6      260  12.5  3     7       --   --   --                     186                                                                               X     4    6      260  6.3   3     7       --   --   --                     187                                                                               X     4    6      260  3.2   3     7       --   --   --                     188                                                                               Y     2    3      260  25    9     14      2    250  10                     189                                                                               Y     4    6      260  25    3.5   14      1    250  7.5                    190                                                                               AA    4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  9                      191                                                                               AA    5    8      260  50    2     7       9    250  9*                     192                                                                               BB    2    3      260  25    8.1   14      2    250  10                     193                                                                               BB    2    4      260  25    9.1   14      6    250  10                     194                                                                               BB    4    6      260  25    8.5   14      1    250  8.5                    195                                                                               BB    5    8      260  50    2     7       9    250  7.5*                   196                                                                               BB    4    6      125  25    4     7       1    125  10                     197                                                                               BB    4    6      62   25    3     7       1    62   9.1                    198                                                                               BB    4    6      31   25    3     7       1    31   8                      199                                                                               BB    4    6      260  12.5  4     7       --   --   --                     200                                                                               BB    4    6      260  6.3   4     7       --   --   --                     201                                                                               BB    4    6      260  3.2   4     7       --   --   --                     202                                                                               BB    2    4      125  25    6     7       9    125  10                     203                                                                               BB    2    4      62   25    6     7       9    62   9                      204                                                                               BB    2    4      31   25    6.5   7       9    31   9                      205                                                                               BB    2    4      260  12.5  3     7       9    250  9                      206                                                                               BB    2    4      260  6.3   3.5   7       9    250  10                     207                                                                               BB    2    4      260  3.2   4     7       9    260  7.5                    208                                                                               CC    2    3      260  25    5.2   14      2    250  10                     209                                                                               CC    2    4      260  25    9.1   14      6    250  10                     210                                                                               CC    4    6      260  25    9     14      1    250  8.5                    211                                                                               CC    2    4      125  25    9     7       9    125  10                     212                                                                               CC    2    4      62   25    9     7       9    62   9                      213                                                                               CC    2    4      31   25    7.5   7       9    31   9                      214                                                                               CC    2    4      260  12.5  4     7       --   --   --                     215                                                                               CC    2    4      260  6.3   3     7       9    250  10                     216                                                                               CC    2    4      260  3.2   3     7       9    250  7.5                    217                                                                               CC    4    6      125  25    7.5   7       1    125  10                     218                                                                               CC    4    6      62   25    3     7       1    62   9.1                    219                                                                               CC    4    6      31   25    3     7       1    31   8                      220                                                                               CC    4    6      260  12.5  5.5   7       --   --   --                     221                                                                               CC    4    6      260  6.3   4.5   7       --   --   --                     222                                                                               CC    4    6      260  3.2   5.2   7       --   --   --                     223                                                                               DD    2    4      260  25    9     14      6    250  9.1                    224                                                                               DD    4    6      260  25    4     14      1    260  9                      225                                                                               DD    2    4      125  25    7.2   7       6    125  10                     226                                                                               DD    2    4      62   25    8.2   7       6    62   9                      227                                                                               DD    2    4      31   25    8.1   7       6    31   6.5                    228                                                                               DD    2    4      260  6.0   3     7       6    250  2.1                    229                                                                               DD    2    4      250  1.6   3.5   7       6    250  2.1                    230                                                                               DD    2    4      250  25    3.5   14      6    250  10                     231                                                                               DD    2    4      250  25    3.5   7       10   250  2.5                    232                                                                               DD    2    4      50   25    3     14      6    50   6.5                    233                                                                               DD    2    4      50   25    3     7       10   50   3                      234                                                                               DD    3    4      250  25    7.5   7       6    250  10                     235                                                                               DD    2    4      250  25    7.5   7       10   250  10                     236                                                                               DD    2    4      50   25    8     7       6    50   7                      237                                                                               DD    2    4      50   25    8     7       10   50   10                     238                                                                               DD    12   15     125  25    6     7       6    125  10                     239                                                                               DD    12   15     62   25    6     7       --   --   --                     240                                                                               DD    12   15     31   25    6     7       6    31   10                     241                                                                               DD    12   15     7    25    6     7       6    7    7                      242                                                                               EE    2    4      260  25    9     14      6    250  10                     243                                                                               EE    4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  6.5                    244                                                                               FF    2    4      260  25    7     14      6    250  9.1                    245                                                                               FF    4    6      260  25    4     14      1    250  7                      246                                                                               GG    2    3      260  25    4.5   7       2    250  10                     247                                                                               GG    2    4      260  25    9.1   7       6    250  8.5                    248                                                                               GG    4    6      260  25    3     7       1    250  9                      249                                                                               HH    2    4      260  25    6.5   14      6    250  8.5                    250                                                                               HH    4    6      260  25    7     14      1    250  9                      251                                                                               II    2    4      260  25    5     14      6    250  8.5                    252                                                                               II    4    6      260  25    6     14      1    250  9                      253                                                                               JJ    2    3      260  25    3     14      2    250  10                     254                                                                               JJ    3    4      260  25    8     14      6    250  8.5                    255                                                                               JJ    4    6      260  25    8     14      1    250  9                      256                                                                               JJ    2    4      125  25    10    7       9    125  10                     257                                                                               JJ    2    4      62   25    9     7       9    62   9                      258                                                                               JJ    2    4      31   25    7.5   7       9    31   9                      259                                                                               JJ    2    4      250  12.5  4     7       --   --   --                     260                                                                               JJ    2    4      250  6.3   5     7       9    250  10                     261                                                                               JJ    2    4      250  3.2   4     7       9    250  7.5                    262                                                                               JJ    2    4      250  1.6   4     7       9    250  6                      263                                                                               JJ    2    4      250  25    3     7       6    250  10                     264                                                                               JJ    2    4      50   25    3.5   7       6    250  6.5                    265                                                                               JJ    2    4      250  25    8.5   7       6    250  10                     266                                                                               JJ    2    4      50   25    6     7       6    250  7                      267                                                                               JJ    4    6      125  25    5     7       1    125  10                     268                                                                               JJ    4    6      62   25    39 7  1       62   10                          269                                                                               JJ    4    6      31   25    3     7       1    31   8.5                    270                                                                               JJ    4    6      250  12.5  4     7       --   --   --                     271                                                                               JJ    4    6      250  6.3   3     7       --   --   --                     272                                                                               JJ    4    6      250  3.2   3     7       --   --   --                     273                                                                               KK    2    4      260  25    9     14      6    250  8.5                    274                                                                               KK    4    6      260  25    5     14      1    250  9                      275                                                                               LL    2    4      260  25    4.5   14      6    250  9                      276                                                                               LL    4    6      260  25    5     14      1    250  9.1                    277                                                                               MM    2    4      260  25    9.1   14      6    250  9                      278                                                                               MM    4    6      260  25    9.1   14      1    250  9.1                    279                                                                               MM    2    4      125  25    9     7       9    125  10                     280                                                                               MM    2    4      62   25    9     7       9    62   9                      281                                                                               MM    2    4      31   25    5.5   7       9    31   9                      282                                                                               MM    2    4      260  12.5  5.5   7       --   --   --                     283                                                                               MM    2    4      260  6.3   5.5   7       9    250  10                     284                                                                               MM    2    4      260  3.2   5     7       9    250  7.5                    285                                                                               MM    2    4      260  1.6   4     7       9    250  6                      286                                                                               MM    4    6      125  25    4     7       1    125  9.1                    287                                                                               MM    4    6      62   25    4     7       1    62   9.1                    288                                                                               MM    4    6      31   25    4     7       1    31   8                      289                                                                               MM    4    6      260  12.5  3     7       --   --   --                     290                                                                               MM    4    6      260  6.3   3     7       1    260  10                     291                                                                               NN    2    3      260  25    4     14      2    250  10                     292                                                                               NN    2    4      260  25    9.1   14      6    250  9                      293                                                                               NN    4    6      260  25    7     14      1    250  9.1                    294                                                                               NN    2    4      125  25    7.5   7       6    125  10                     295                                                                               NN    2    4      62   25    5.5   7       6    62   9                      296                                                                               NN    2    4      31   25    4.5   7       6    31   9                      197                                                                               NN    2    4      260  12.5  6     7       --   --   --                     298                                                                               NN    2    4      260  6.3   6     7       6    250  10                     299                                                                               NN    2    4      260  3.2   6     7       6    250  7.5                    300                                                                               NN    2    4      260  1.6   6     7       6    250  6                      301                                                                               NN    4    6      125  25    3.5   7       1    125  9.1                    302                                                                               NN    4    6      62   25    2     7       1    62   9.1                    303                                                                               NN    4    6      31   25    3     7       1    31   8                      304                                                                               NN    4    6      260  12.5  2     7       --   --   --                     305                                                                               NN    4    6      260  6.3   2     7       --   --   --                     306                                                                               NN    4    6      260  3.2   2     7       --   --   --                     307                                                                               OO    2    4      260  25    7     14      6    250  9                      308                                                                               OO    4    6      260  25    3     14      1    250  9.1                    __________________________________________________________________________      *Tested at 25 lb./Acre                                                   

EXAMPLE 309

Of the above fungicides, compounds G, I and L are among the best of those tested for inhibition of destructive seed decay fungi, i.e. damping off and black shank pathogens (Nos. 7 and 8) on acid delinted cotton seed (plant No. 5) and pea seeds (plant No. 6). Specifically, testing of fungicides G, I and L is carried out by preparing a culture of Rhizoctonia solani and of Pythium ultimum, each in a sterile medium of corn meal and Zonolite in 4-inch Petri dishes. The Rhizoctonia solani is then blended with sterile soil in which the cotton seeds are planted. Pythium ultimum is similarly blended with sterile soil in a separate area where pea seeds have been planted. Each of the pathogen infected areas are divided into three separate portions and introduced into individual plastic containers for separately testing the fungicides G, I and L on each of the infected plant species.

A suspension at 2080 ppm of each fungicide is then applied to each of the six plastic containers at a rate of 10 ml/inch (equivalent to 50 lbs./acre). The treated seeds are closed in their respective containers for three days before opening and, after seven days are examined for emergence of the seedlings and freedom of hypocotyls from brown lesions. The test fungicides are rated upon % emergents and severity of lesions on survivors based on a scale of 0-10; 0 indicating severe infection on all plants and 10 indicating no lesions and complete elimination of the pathogen. Test fungicides G, I and L have ratings of 6 or better, which is regarded as adequate control. These test fungicides also provide more than 50% control of root rot (pathogen No. 17) of the emerged cotton plants when innoculated with this fungus.

EXAMPLE 310

Fungicides D, G, I and L, and other species within the scope of this invention, can be employed against a wide assortment of soil inhabiting fungi, such as wilt (No. 9) of tomato (No. 1); brown root rot (No. 10) of tobacco (No. 7) and Southern wilt (No. 11) of solanaceous crops (eg. No. 8) by following the general procedure of Example 309 in applying the fungicidal sprays. Fungicides D, G, I and L provide greater than 50% control of these pathogens.

EXAMPLE 311

The fungicides D, G, I and L, as well as other species of this invention, are effective against

leaf rust (No. 14) and stem rust (No. 13) in wheat (No. 11)

smut (No. 5) in corn (No. 12)

anthracnose (No. 12) in pinto beans (No. 3)

scab (No. 21) in cucumber (No. 10)

tobacco mosaic (No. 20) in tobacco (No. 7)

mildew (No. 3) in black mustard (No. 9)

leaf spot and canker (No. 18) in roses (No. 13) and

leaf drop (No. 16) in peach trees (No. 14).

The respective plants are sprayed to run off with the fungicide in a concentration of from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm, e.g. about 250 ppm in aqueous alcoholic solution. Since the present fungicides are nontoxic to plants, the treatment may be repeated as often as necessary or desired to control, eliminate or prevent fungus infection.

EXAMPLES 312 THROUGH 315

The following tests indicate the tolerance of crops for the present carboxylic amides and its residues and the effect of soil moisture and temperature on the fungicidal efficacy and persistance on the plant. The results are reported in the following Table III. In each case the plant, pathogen and fungicide tested are referred to by number corresponding to the species listed in Table I. In the third column, the concentration of the fungicide is reported in estimated lbs./acre and the remarks are based on the effect noted after the number of days following application of the fungicide.

                                      TABLE III                                    __________________________________________________________________________            TEST SPECIES        DAYS                                                       (plant-pathogen                                                                         FUNGICIDE  AFTER                                               EXAMPLE                                                                               fungicide)                                                                              CONCENTRATION                                                                             APPLICATION                                                                             REMARKS                                    __________________________________________________________________________     312    12-15-DD 12 lbs./Acre                                                                              7        no phytotoxicity observed - foliar                                             persistence                                313    1-2-D    12 lbs./Acre                                                                              14       "                                          314    2-3-D    25 lbs./Acre                                                                              14       "                                          315    4-6-H    25 lbs./Acre                                                                              7        "                                          __________________________________________________________________________ 

We claim:
 1. A composition consisting essentially of a fungicidally effective amount of an amide having the formula ##STR16## wherein R is an organic radical of from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and is selected from the group consisting of an acyclic alkyl radical, an alkenyl radical having one or more doubly bonded carbon atoms, a mono- or di-fluorinated benzyl radical and a mono- or di-chlorinated benzyl radical; R₁ is alkylene of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R₂ is alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a hydroxy, carboxylate or a halo carboxylate group, and an inert carrier therefor.
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration of said amide is between about 25 ppm and about 2,500 ppm.
 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the concentration of said amide is between about 30 ppm and about 800 ppm.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said carrier is water.
 5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amide has the formula ##STR17##
 6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amide has the formula ##STR18##
 7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amide has the formula ##STR19##
 8. The composition of claim 1 wherein said carrier is a particulate solid.
 9. The composition of claim 1 wherein said carrier is an inert organic liquid. 